Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Small Ruminants: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague or small ruminant plague, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects goats and sheep. It causes severe economic losses in affected regions due to high mortality rates, reduced productivity, and trade restrictions. PPR is especially prevalent in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. … Read more

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in Cattle: Causes, Signs, Treatment, and Prevention

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and pigs. Known for its rapid spread and significant economic impact, FMD leads to severe production losses, trade restrictions, and animal suffering. The disease is characterized by fever and the formation of painful blisters (vesicles) in the mouth, … Read more

Mastitis in Cows: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Mastitis is one of the most economically significant diseases in the dairy industry. It is an inflammation of the mammary gland, typically caused by bacterial infection. This condition not only affects milk production but also the overall health and welfare of the cow. Mastitis can be clinical or subclinical. Clinical cases show visible signs, while … Read more

Comprehensive Guide on Ear Mites (Otodectes) in Cats and Dogs

Ear mites, scientifically known as Otodectes cynotis, are microscopic parasitic mites that infest the ears of cats and dogs. They are highly contagious and cause intense irritation and inflammation in the external ear canal. Although more common in cats, dogs are also frequently affected, especially in multi-pet households. These mites feed on skin debris, wax, … Read more

Newcastle Disease in Poultry: A Complete Veterinary Guide

Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of the most significant and devastating viral diseases affecting poultry worldwide. Highly contagious and often fatal, this disease poses a constant threat to commercial and backyard flocks, especially in developing countries. Caused by a virulent strain of the avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), Newcastle Disease affects birds of all ages … Read more

Ectropion in Cats: A Comprehensive Guide

Ectropion, though more commonly associated with dogs, is a condition that can also affect our feline companions. As a cat owner or veterinary professional, it’s essential to recognize the signs of ectropion, understand its causes, and be aware of the best treatment options. This article offers a comprehensive look into ectropion in cats — written … Read more

Renal Failure in Dogs: Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treatment

Renal failure, also known as kidney failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to function properly. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products from the blood and maintaining the body’s fluid balance. When they fail to perform these functions adequately, it can lead to a buildup of toxins and imbalances in … Read more

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